Protected Members

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class GameCharacter {
protected:
    std::string name;
    int health;
    int maxHealth;
    int level;

    void levelUp() {
        level++;
        maxHealth += 20;
        health = maxHealth;
        std::cout << name << " leveled up to " << level << "!" << "\n";
    }

    bool takeDamageInternal(int damage) {
        health -= damage;
        if (health < 0) health = 0;
        return health > 0;
    }

private:
    int experience;

public:
    GameCharacter(std::string name, int hp)
        : name{name}, health{hp}, maxHealth{hp}, level{1}, experience{0} {
    }

    void displayStatus() {
        std::cout << name << " [Lv" << level << "] HP: " << health << "/" << maxHealth << "\n";
    }

    void gainExperience(int exp) {
        experience += exp;
        if (experience >= 100) {
            levelUp();
            experience = 0;
        }
    }
};

class Warrior : public GameCharacter {
private:
    int armor;

public:
    Warrior(std::string name) : GameCharacter{name, 150}, armor{50} {
        std::cout << "Warrior " << name << " created with " << armor << " armor" << "\n";
    }

    void takeDamage(int damage) {
        int reducedDamage = damage - (armor / 10);
        if (reducedDamage < 0) reducedDamage = 0;

        std::cout << name << " (Warrior) takes " << reducedDamage << " damage (reduced from " << damage << ")" << "\n";

        takeDamageInternal(reducedDamage);
    }

    void battleCry() {
        std::cout << name << " shouts a battle cry!" << "\n";
        health += 10;
        if (health > maxHealth) health = maxHealth;
    }
};

class Mage : public GameCharacter {
private:
    int mana;

public:
    Mage(std::string name) : GameCharacter{name, 80}, mana{100} {
        std::cout << "Mage " << name << " created with " << mana << " mana" << "\n";
    }

    void takeDamage(int damage) {
        std::cout << name << " (Mage) takes " << damage << " damage" << "\n";
        takeDamageInternal(damage);
    }

    void castHeal() {
        if (mana >= 20) {
            mana -= 20;
            int healAmount = level * 10;
            health += healAmount;
            if (health > maxHealth) health = maxHealth;
            std::cout << name << " heals for " << healAmount << " HP" << "\n";
        } else {
            std::cout << "Not enough mana!" << "\n";
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    Warrior warrior{"Thorin"};
    warrior.displayStatus();
    warrior.takeDamage(30);
    warrior.battleCry();
    warrior.gainExperience(100);
    warrior.displayStatus();

    std::cout << "\n";

    Mage mage{"Gandalf"};
    mage.displayStatus();
    mage.takeDamage(20);
    mage.castHeal();
    mage.displayStatus();

    // warrior.health = 1000;  // ERROR: protected members not accessible here!
    // warrior.levelUp();       // ERROR: protected method not accessible!

    return 0;
}