Rvalue References

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

class Buffer {
    size_t* data;
    size_t size;

public:
    Buffer(size_t s) : size{s} {
        data = new size_t[size];
        std::cout << "Buffer created (" << size << " elements)\n";
    }

    // Copy constructor - expensive
    Buffer(const Buffer& other) : size{other.size} {
        data = new size_t[size];
        std::copy(other.data, other.data + size, data);
        std::cout << "Buffer copied (" << size << " elements)\n";
    }

    // Move constructor - cheap
    Buffer(Buffer&& other) noexcept : data{other.data}, size{other.size} {
        other.data = nullptr;
        other.size = 0;
        std::cout << "Buffer moved (" << size << " elements)\n";
    }

    ~Buffer() {
        delete[] data;
        std::cout << "Buffer destroyed\n";
    }
};

Buffer createBuffer() {
    return Buffer{1000000};  // Returns temporary - move, not copy
}

int main() {
    std::cout << "=== Creating buffer ===\n";
    Buffer buf1{createBuffer()};  // Move, not copy!

    std::cout << "\n=== Moving buffer ===\n";
    Buffer buf2{std::move(buf1)};  // Explicit move

    return 0;
}