#include #include #include #include class Base { public: void describe() const { std::cout << "Base::describe()" << '\n'; } }; class DerivedNonVirtual : public Base { public: void describe() const { std::cout << "DerivedNonVirtual::describe()" << '\n'; } }; // TODO: Create an Animal class with virtual function support // - Store the animal's name // - Use a virtual destructor (= default is fine) // - Create a virtual speak() function that prints "Animal speaks" // - Provide getName() to return the name // Example output: // Animal speaks // TODO: Create a Dog class that inherits from Animal // - Accept the name in the constructor // - Override speak() to print "Woof!" // Example output: // Woof! // TODO: Create a Cat class that inherits from Animal // - Accept the name in the constructor // - Override speak() to print "Meow!" // Example output: // Meow! int main() { // Demonstrating non-virtual behavior (early binding) DerivedNonVirtual derived{}; Base& baseRef{derived}; Base* basePtr{&derived}; // Both calls go to Base::describe() because describe() is not virtual baseRef.describe(); basePtr->describe(); // TODO: Create Dog and Cat objects // Dog dog{"Buddy"}; // Cat cat{"Whiskers"}; // TODO: Call speak() through Animal references // - Virtual functions are resolved at runtime based on actual object type // Example output: // Woof! // Meow! // Animal& dogRef{dog}; // Animal& catRef{cat}; // dogRef.speak(); // catRef.speak(); // TODO: Create vector of unique_ptr with Dog and Cat // - Polymorphism allows storing different types in the same container // Example output: // Woof! // Meow! // Woof! // std::vector> animals; // animals.push_back(std::make_unique("Buddy")); // animals.push_back(std::make_unique("Whiskers")); // animals.push_back(std::make_unique("Rex")); // TODO: Loop through and call speak() on each animal return 0; }

Virtual Functions

Success Criteria

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